Nurses Shortage Definition Aspects and Solutions

Nurses Shortage Definition Aspects and Solutions Health care persists to face a momentous shortage of registered nurses. This is an old crisis and continues to be a threat to nursing career. There are plenty of studies done to find the reasons behind the nursing shortage. Moreover, it is a global problem. Nursing education, nursing retention unsafe work place, complex quality improvement and patient safety, low nurses income and complicated recruitment requirements. All these factors influence nurses shortage worldwide. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze global nurses shortage and highlight the causes and solutions with a recommendation to deal with nurses shortage in health care systems. Development of Nurses Shortage Sophen (1954) found that nurses shortage in the United States started 1932-1953 when the number of hospitals changed very little, but the number of beds increased 52% more and this increases nurses shortage due to the coverage need (Sophen, 1954). Thirty three years later, Aiken noted that the legislation and diminishing result on nurses salaries at a time when other professions salaries were increasing, influencing nurses to depart the career. (Aiken, 2007). During the 1990s, the nurses shortage was 11% of full time registered nurses, by 1992, the nurses shortage subsided and nurses supply was positive. In 1997, hospitals started to feel pressure of nurses vacancy rate 13%. But this time shortage has not moved away and stays a topic difficult to solve. (Rebekah, Kathreen 2009). WHO collected data of nurses, population ratios in WHO regions: The Americas, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa, South East Asia, and Western pacific. The data analysis shows that in Africa and South East Asia, the ratio declines, while the highest ratio was in Europe regions as it is almost ten times more than the lower regions. (WHO, 2006). A study conducted in the United States by Buerhaus and his colleges in 2007 and found that in 2020 the nation will be short of 76,000.00 nurses, as well as, he stated that, this nurses shortage may shut down most of the system and cause care to be rationed. (Buerhaus, 2008). The low supreme number of existing nurses in many countries is mixed by difficulties with their geographic distributions or complexities in recruiting and retaining nurses. This is a characteristic of both developed and developing countries. Definition of the Shortage of Nurses What is shortage of nursing? Shortage of nurses can be defined in two different means. First, professional standards when the number of nurses is not enough to provide high quality of care. However, administrators fail to determine the quantity of nurses needed to provide the high quality of care. (Goldfarbetat, 2008). Second, in economic terms, nurses shortage presents when there are not enough number of nurses to provide the best quality standards and no fund to supply to open additional positions. Thus, definition of nurses shortage is difficult and complex. (Rebekah, Abrahamson, 2009). A diverse definition which is more practical with the reality discovered by Bachnan, defined the nursing shortage is not by nurses number but how the health system functions to facilitate nurses to use their skills effectively. (Buchan, 2008). Nursing Education and Shortage Raising demand of Baccalaureate and graduate prepared nurses conveys nurses shortage. The National Advisory Council on Nursing Education and Practice (NACEP) is proposing at least two-third of the nurses work force hold a baccalaureate or higher degrees in nursing by 2010. (NACEP, 2004). According to American Association of College of Nursing, professional nurses must be prepared at the baccalaureate level to ward convene developing health career requires. (AACN, 2005). Professional development refers to study obligation to continue definite skill levels and career lane. This ensures nurses skills and knowledge are update and applicable. (Lannon, 2007). Each nurse should take responsibility for personal, professional development. This will enhance quality of care and keep up technological and scientific changes that are occurring in health care sitting. However, the health care systems are not assisting nurses for education development and this keeps the nurses far from the essential profession development. (Copper, 2009). According to American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 2005), over 32,000.00 qualified candidates were rejected to baccalaureate and graduate program due to the lack of experienced faculty in 2004,which means shortage in nursing faculty. (Evans, 2009). The long terms solution is to increase the pool of baccalaureate nurses who can obtain the graduate education needed for various roles like faculty. (Aiken, 2008). On the other hand, nurses will persist seeking higher degree in nursing education, because of the exciting and financially rewarding pulse opportunities for management positions. (Curtin, 2008). As per a study done in the United States by Westphal, concluded that nurses leaders turnover causes nurses shortage in registered nurses at hospitals. So, it is advised to reduce turnover of nurse leaders. (Westphal, 2009). The Impact of Workplace in Nursing Shortage Nursing work is traumatic while other professional alternatives are accessible. However, it is challenging to fight for the choice of profession which is not successful to balance financially for this daily tension. (Kaestner, 2005). Shift work nature causes physical damage to nurses and impact nurses prolong existence in the profession. According to cooper (2003), Registered nurses experiencing the physical, cognitive and emotional challenges of growing older while the profession demands more. In addition, working night and evening shifts influence nurse performance and lifestyle which motivate many nurses to move into outside hospital sitting. (Rebekah Abrahamson 2009). As well as, the new technologies into nursing daily work add a pressure and increase nurses work load and reduce the time nurses have to spend with the patient and affected the ability to detect complications early. (Beurhaus, 2008). Furthermore, nurses felt additional stress due to the idea that if they commit an error, penalizing action might be taken against them. As known that the nurses are responsible for ensuring patient safety without adequate decision making authority or impartial income. (Rebekah Abrhamson, 2009). Quality Question In 1998, the health care quality and safety started to take place, leaders noticed the strong relationship between nursing and patient outcome and realized nurses shortage. Thus, the leaders recognize the need to solve nursing shortage and as are adequate size of nurses or they will see quality suffer and low patients services. (Buerhaus, 2008). As a result, linking quality of care with adequate stuff will move nurses from the cost category in the direction of believing advantage, which will lead to increase wages and progress practice environment (Elgie, 2007) Recruitment and Retention International recruitment require great attention, where an organization in one country recruits nurses from another country. This has been mounting characteristic of global nursing labor markets, as developed countries utilize factors to attract nurses in developing countries. (WHO, 2006). These factors comprise low income, poor career configuration; reduce chance for further, education in some countries threat of violence. The risk is that action might just dislodge the shortage to another country, which may have fewer resources to solve it. (Aike of Buchan 2008). Nurses are attracted to work and remain working because of the chances to expand professionally to gains self sufficiency, and share in decision making while being reasonably rewarded. (Buchan, 2000). Aspects linked to work environment are critical, as well as some evidence that a decentralized style of management, flexible employment opportunities, and access to ongoing professional development can improve both the retention of nursing stuff level patient care. (Aiken, 2008). UAE and Nursing Shortage 3% of the UAE nationals are nurses. Although this percentage is low to UAE hospitals needs, the UAE population are not motivated to study and work in nursing profession. (Khan, 2006). On the other hand, the cause being far of nursing profession, minimum nursing education institution as compared to other specialty and the concept of cultural values (Underwood, 2010). UAE ministry of health in the process to open new education institutions which will be available in all emirates, as well as, the new council of nursing which started examining nurses skills by licensure examination (Underwood, 2010). Conclusion There is particular or universal measure or description of nursing shortage, although, obvious evidence of insufficient nursing resources in several countries, along with, evidence of poor exploit of obtainable nursing resources in many more. Many countries should augment and support their work force development capacity crossways professions and regulations to recognize the skills responsibility needed to convene identified services requirement. Furthermore, this is partially about extended term alliance between education development, work place environment improvement, quality improved and funded demand. Moreover, improving routine matching of nurses staffing with work load and maintain balance between nurses work and personal life. Health systems need to work on effective skill mix through clearance of roles and better equilibrium of registered nurses, charge nurses, assistance nurses, physicians and health professionals, in order to solve nursing shortage problem.

Calvin and Hobbes: An Existentialist View Essay -- Comics Calvin Hobbe

Calvin and Hobbes: An Existentialist View Faster and faster, the slick red wagon slaloms across the rocky terrain, carrying a blonde-headed boy and his stuffed tiger along each turn of the track. Calvin, an imaginative six year old who makes us laugh with his childish antics, and Hobbes, the philosophical stuffed tiger, both make a statement about the world they were created in. Calvin and Hobbes is essentially an existentialist comic strip. Through Calvin’s desperate and unique choices and circumstances, he untraditionally fights against a continually changing world. His actions portray the disorder in which we are all controlled in a meaningless existence against a ferocious society, a ruthless nature, and inevitable death. Calvin is a unique character who breaks the traditionally accepted roles children play. John Calvin, the namesake of Bill Waterson’s star, was a stern, protestant theologian. Torn between conflicting doctrines of the Catholic Church, John Calvin led a Protestant reformation, breaking away from the traditionally accepted beliefs to more unorthodox beliefs such as predestination and justification by faith alone. No character could better reflect these Protestant views than the six-year old Calvin. An entirely mischievous and self-indulgent boy, Calvin is also forced into making new and desperate choices. John Calvin was forced into making a desperate choice to rebel against the mother church, facing excommunication because he chose not to believe in the widely accepted beliefs of the time. Calvin also protests the situations he encounters. He polls his father, rating him on his character and past performances. Calvin realizes that it is not issues and ideologies that matter, but the type of people we a... ...tanding why. Yet, Calvin is able to allay those fears. He is a Peter Pan, a perpetual youth who we can look back on and admire throughout time, because he never has to face age. As he continues to rebel and persist against an existential world in his sarcastic and sardonic ways despite his circumstances and consequences, he sets an example of how to fight the irrational attacks on the individual. Works Cited May, Rollo. Existential Psychology. New York: Random House, 1961. Official Website for Calvin and Hobbes comics from 1985 to 1996 by Bill Watterson, the. October 15, 2000. Watterson, Bill. The Calvin and Hobbes Tenth Anniversary Book. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1995. Wilson, James Q. â€Å"Calvin and Hobbes and the Moral Sense: A Farewell.† October 15, 200

Drama Essay: A Review of “Spring Awakening” Essay

I will be reviewing the play titled, â€Å"Spring Awakening† by Fred Wedekind. This play was produced by The Department of Performing Arts and Humanities of the School of Liberal Arts at and directed by Robert W. Oppel. I saw the play on March 20th Q Building Theatre. The play was excellent and exceeded all expectations due to the professional way the story was presented. â€Å"Spring Awakening† is a musical concerning teenagers who explore their individual sexuality while living in an oppressive culture. The setting takes place in a religious, rural town in Germany during the late 19th century. It contains issues of sexuality, religion, and education, but also exposes the barriers between adults and children. Parents are supposedly religious; however, they mistreat their children. In addition, they make puberty more confusing by forbidding their children to ask questions about their sexuality or discuss sex in general. Other topics included shame, gender, and authorities. The play also shows the consequences for rebelling against what society considers moral and acceptable. There are three main actors playing principle roles. Sinead Fahey, a newcomer to the Theatre at CCBC, played the part of Wendla. Her overall performance was terrific. She sang beautifully, moved gracefully, and gave a strong performance throughout the play. Sinead was well cast and believable in her role. James Baxter, who played the part of Melchior, is a returning performer at CCBC. James played his part well, but seemed slightly reserved in his character. It appeared he was not quite as passionate as he could have been. However, he moved and sang well and still delivered a solid performance. James was fairly well cast and somewhat believable in his role. The character Moritz was played by Christopher H. Zargarbashi. He graduated from Towson University with a degree in acting. Christopher’s performance was excellent and thoroughly entertaining to watch. Christopher was accurate in the way he conveyed Moritz’s intense and nervous personality. He was well cast and extre mely believable while playing his part. The play contains an edgy, noteworthy innovation. Mixing the late 19th century era with modern day features appears fresh and original. For instance, when the performers speak in the play, they are in character during the late 19th century, yet become modern day singers during the musical numbers. Additionally, all the characters in the play dress in the appropriate 19th century attire, whereas the ensemble dresses in modern day clothing. Furthermore, the proper diction is a contrast to the music which exhibits profanity and modern day themes. It is a unique and creative way to express the story. Robert W. Oppel, did an adequate job of directing the play. This is evident in the way that the performers methodically, yet naturally move. For example, when the characters touch or interact physically, it is not done in an awkward style, but gradual and relaxed. Even when they remove their microphones from their clothing, it is executed in a natural manner. There are many times when the characters remain perfectly still and do not move at all during a scene. It was an amazing and genuine display of talent. Certainly, the theme of â€Å"Spring Awakening† could be relevant to anyone. Oppression and topics such as child abuse, rape, suicide, abortion, and homo-sexuality will always exist. Hence, the play evokes the audience’s empathy by depicting these personal struggles among the youth living in the 19th century. In essence, I definitely enjoyed the play and was thrilled with the overall experience of live theater. I was skeptical at first about whether I would like the story, but was pleasantly surprised and blown away by what I saw. I would highly recommend this play to others, especially young adults and adults who are looking for a mature storyline. I would most certainly say I gained a respect for live theater. I give credit to everyone involved, especially the actors and actresses. They have only one chance to get it right and hold the courage to perform in front of a live audience.

Metaphysical Imagery in the Works of John Donne

Metaphysical Imagery in the Works of John Donne Metaphysical poetry is a blend of passionate feelings and paradoxical style. John Donne is believed to be one of the best of metaphysical poets. There are many examples of metaphysical imagery in the works of John Donne. The metaphysical imagery of John Donne will be brought into view by the examples he used throughout his poetry.Donne begins "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning" by indicating a preference for their departure to be unobtrusive, to be as restrained as possible in their parting, by using an analogy between the couple and "virtuous men." He describes,As virtuous men pass mildly away,And whisper to their souls to go,Whilst some of their sad friends do say,The breath goes now, and some say, no [...]. (1-4)Through descriptions of "mildly" and "whisper" he reveals his wish for their separation to be as temperate as possible. Donne calls for a similar restraint in their passing, for no fuss, tears or sighs, referring to the typical hyperbolic lovers and using them as a vision of how not to act, "So let us melt and make no noise, / No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move [...]"I believe this is a photograph taken of a portrait...(5-6). Here the intellectual begins to take over the sentimentality, or impulsiveness of the scene, "Donne perplexes the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy, when he should engage their hearts and entertain them with the softness of love" (Bennett 1).So let us melt, and make no noise,No teare-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,T'were prophanation of our joyesTo tell the layetie our love [...]. (5-8)The word "melt" implies a change in physical state. The bond of lovers will dissolve quietly. "Noise" refers to "tear floods" and "sigh tempests" that the speaker pleads with his love not to leave. He continues by...

Nicholas Copernicus †Founder of Astronomy Essay

Nicholas Copernicus – Founder of Astronomy Essay Free Online Research Papers Nicholas Copernicus Founder of Astronomy Essay Nicholas Copernicus is considered to be the founder of modern astronomy. He was born in Poland in 1473. After his childhood dreams of astronomy, he was sent off to Krakow University to study mathematics and optics. Later, returning from studying religious law in Italy, Copernicus, through the influence of his uncle, was appointed cannon in the Cathedral of Frauenberg. In the next few years, Copernicus continued his studies of astronomy alone in his church. He made most of his observations from a turret situated on a protective wall around the cathedral. In 1530, after more than thirty years of intense study, Copernicus completed his great work, â€Å"De Revolutionibus†, which presented the theory that the earth rotated on its axis and made one complete revolution daily, and, at the same time, traveled around the sun once yearly. This was a fantastic concept for the sixteenth century! All great thinkers of that age believed that the earth was the center of the universe, and heavenly bodies revolved around our planet. Copernicus died in 1543, His life had been a sheltered and academic one. He never knew what controversy his work had caused. The church argued that man was next to God and was therefore superior to any other thing. But Copernicus forever changed the place of man in the universe. Man, according to this great scientist, was just a part of nature and should take his place among other living things, not dominate them. Research Papers on Nicholas Copernicus - Founder of Astronomy EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Effects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Spring and AutumnMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Military Suicides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Military Suicides - Essay Example As the report declares soldiers often have to perform ‘details’ or additional duties like military base landscaping. If any of those daily duties are not completed to military standard, the soldier is subject to corrective physical training, evening additional labor, partial forfeiture of monthly pay, or reduction in a soldiers rank. Those stressors are not only difficult for the soldier, but for any dependents a soldier may have as well. â€Å"The U.S. military cannot avoid the stark reality of suicide entirely. Service members and veterans reflect the broader American public, which not only suffers from suicide, but also stigmatizes mental health care. Further, some service members enter military service with mental health challenges and we should not conclude that serving in the military caused these suicides. According to the research finidngs while serving in the military, a soldier is provided a chain of command or hierarchy of leadership to provide the soldier with duties and assist in any of the soldier’s needs. These leaders have taken training on how to complete a mission, take care of given soldiers and uphold an ethical standard. Unfortunately, there are too many stories what the Army classifies as ‘toxic leadership’. The military hierarchy in charge also thought that by the end of the wars, the number of military suicide cases will reduce. The military leadership fails to understand that the mental health and overall welfare are separate, unique and individual.

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Ethical Energy - Essay Example ore selecting a method that will generate adequate power for the present, have the potential for expansion to meet future needs and is minimally damaging to the environment. Due to the large investment involved, ethical issues that may result in selection of an inappropriate source or power generation is a factor that has to be considered. This is a preliminary report for the Board of Directors of Karsson arguing for a source that will be satisfactory regarding all the parameters mentioned above. It will take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages inherent in different methods of power generation along with ethical issues that have to be taken into consideration. (Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector). Greenhouse gases are those which absorb harmful radiation that is given off by the surface of the earth after it absorbs it from the sun’s rays. â€Å"Greenhouse [GH] molecules are those that absorb terrestrial radiation, that which is emitted by the Earth’s surface as a result of the warming effect of incoming solar radiation.† (Barrett 2005, p.1037). The greenhouse gases found in the earth’s atmosphere are water (vapour), CO2 or carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. This is given in the decreasing order of absorption with ozone having the least absorption capability. (Ozone plays a major role in blocking UV and other harmful rays from the sun rather than retaining or absorbing from the earth’s surface). This absorption is important to maintain life sustaining temperature. But when levels of these gases increase (due to pollution) the heat generated is more than what is required or safe and ultimately results in the phenomenon called global warming. The chart given above shows the greenhouse emission as per sector or industry. It can be seen that the biggest contributor of greenhouse gases is from power stations. It is true that some methods of generation are more harmful than others and this will be discussed later in this